Any AI pause will have defectors. How to ensure their incarceration actually prevents them from covertly contributing to AI research from behind bars?

To avert catastrophe, an international AI treaty is necessary. This treaty will, at minimum, need to ban the creation of artificial superintelligence, prohibit precursors beyond some threshold, and establish verification and enforcement mechanisms to allow countries to police each other. Much has been written on those matters, but less attention has been paid to what must be done with individual defectors - those who covertly seek to advance AI capabilities in defiance of the treaty ban - once d...