ARC's "Outperforming Random Sampling" explained

Written as part of a FIG Fellowship under Eleni Angelou's supervision.I've spent some time with ARC's recent blog post, Competing with Random Sampling. I think it contains some interesting ideas. Unfortunately, those ideas are captured in formalisms that might intimidate anyone without the patience for some mathematics.So here's a more intuitive explainer. Special thanks to Wilson Wu for careful reviewing and nitpicks. All errors my own.MotivationI'm interested in this work because it attempts t...