Hierarchical Federated Learning for Networked AI: From Communication Saving to Architecture-Aware Design

arXiv:2605.00931v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is fundamentally a distributed optimization problem executed by communicating agents with local data, local computation, and partial system visibility. Once FL is viewed through that lens, hierarchy is not merely a scalability mechanism. It becomes the natural place to rethink how distributed optimization should be organized over real multi-tier networks. This article argues that hierarchical federated learning (HFL) should ...