US Subways Build Too Many Cross Passages

I wrote the following piece for IFP’s Transit Abundance Playbook, a collection of 15 ideas to improve transit delivery in the US. American transit costs and timelines are substantially higher than those of other developed countries: Spain builds tunneled subway for ~$200 million per mile, while New York spends billions; China built an entire network of high-speed rail while California was failing to connect Bakersfield to Merced. This playbook draws on the past decade of research into the causes...