Estimating the costs of pandemic-proofing the EU by Jeanne Marie Jacqueline (JMJ/​Evana)

BackgroundCovid-19 was the trial by fire of con­tem­po­rary times in terms of cop­ing with pan­demic risks. It showed how un­pre­pared the world was to such an out­break but also was a cau­tion­ary tale for more dan­ger­ous dis­eases that could arise in the fu­ture. Nonethe­less, many co­op­er­a­tive ac­tions and pro­grammes came out of this crisis, vac­cines never de­vel­oped so fast, and cam­paigns meth­ods evolves or were tested to in­crease effi­ciency. It was a les­son-learned for the EU, w...